Recommended Last Planting Date for Grain Sorghum in the Texas Low Rolling Plains

Jim Barber, Calvin Trostle and Billy E. Warrick (Retired)
Research & Extension Assistant, Extension Agronomist and Extension Agronomist

Sorghum producers in the Texas Low Rolling Plains have many good sorghum hybrids to choose from. The range of planting dates, however, occurs from late April to mid July. Many producers may not readily understand the different sorghum maturity classes or when they should or shouldn’t be planted (i.e., what is a 110-day sorghum, and how may it vary?). In addition, early season cold tolerance is an attribute, which may be important particularly for early season plantings when good soil moisture is available. Likewise, tillering and its control may strongly influence the success of sorghum cropping particularly as planting date affects tillering (cool temperatures favor tillering). Hybrids that tiller have the ability to compensate upward if production conditions are favorable relative to the established plant population, but tillering hybrids also erode the ability to manage targeted plant populations and timely harvest.

These are general guidelines and are not an endorsement of any one hybrid or company by Texas AgriLife Extension Service. Suggested last planting dates for each hybrid are intended to be conservative in order to protect the producer. In northern locations of the Rolling Plains, move toward the earlier portion of the range of last planting dates for a particular hybrid. Check with the seed company representative in your area for specifics. Please report discrepancies in growth and maturity for your particular hybrid and suggested planting date to Jim Barber as well as the company representative.

Keep in mind that in terms of historical averages flowering is most harmed by hot weather even when moisture is adequate. Many producers err on the side of planting too much seed per acre. As a result in droughty conditions producers are at risk of inadequate moisture per plant during flowering and grain fill to produce grain. In managing risk, know that most grain sorghum hybrids at modest plant populations are better able to flex upward to meet the yield potential of favorable conditions. This is less risky agronomically and economically than having a high plant population crop under droughty conditions.

Managing Risk Balancing Seeding Rate vs. Available Soil Moisture: Suggested sorghum seeding rates are influenced by the available soil moisture in soils of different textures. Generally, sandy to sandy loam soil can store about 1″ of available soil water per foot; a silty loam to clay loam soil can store about 1.5″ inches per foot; and a clayey soil can store about 2″ per foot. Typically, it takes 6-8″ inches of available moisture (rainfall or in the soil) to bring a sorghum crop to the point of grain production, and each additional 1″ of water should produce 350-425 lbs. of grain.

For most dryland sorghum production in the Texas Low Rolling Plains, when soil profile moisture is adequate (>4″ of available soil moisture), a good target is 30,000-35,000 seeds/A. If soil moisture is low (2-4″), a seed drop of 25,000-30,000/A is advised. For any condition with poor soil moisture, especially as plantings approach July 1, consider 20,000 seeds/A. For limited irrigation (6-10″) with low soil profile moisture conditions, target 40,000-45,000 seeds/A, but if soil moisture is good, consider 50,000-55,000 seeds/A. For full irrigation levels, target 80,000 seeds/A on June 1, but by July consider 100,000-110,000 seeds/A for non-tillering hybrids and 80,000-90,000 seeds/A for tillering hybrids.

Because seed costs are relatively low for sorghum ($1.00-1.20 cents per pound), growers too easily increase seeding rates as it doesn’t much affect production costs. Seeding rates occasionally are altered to reflect planting conditions. In general for high quality seed under favorable conditions, expect germination 90%, and stand establishment of 80-90% for germinated seeds. If difficult germination or stand establishment is expected, seeding rates may edge back up slightly. If a rain germinates all seed and high establishment occurs, but overall growing conditions remain poor, plant population will be too high.

 

In general, Texas AgriLife Extension Service suggests the following guidelines as a criteria for the last recommended planting date based on the sorghum’s maturity class:
Counties Medium Maturity Early Maturity
Borden, Scurry, Jones,
Fisher, Howard,Mitchell,
Nolan, Taylor, Callahan,
and Counties North of the line
from Schleicher to McCulloch
June 30 July 15
These suggested dates consider the length of sorghum maturity vs. historical averages for cool fall weather, which can be expected ahead of frost. Although these sorghum maturity classes may be planted later and be successful in many years, these guidelines should help producers understand when risk increases relative to achieving grain yield potential. If you must consider a very late sorghum planting, choose among hybrids that have estimated ‘days to maturity’ of less than 90 days. Check among seed dealers for suggestions.

In the accompanying table, company representatives have provided estimates of the ‘last recommended planted date’ for their hybrids. For table headings from left to right, the hybrids below for the Rolling Plains are arranged by date into four general groups for ‘last planting date.’ Hybrids with a last recommended planting date of June 10-20 are long maturity. In addition, late June hybrids are generally medium long; early July hybrids are medium; and the hybrids suggested for July 8-15 are early.

 

Participating Companies Recommendations
for Last Planting Dates of Selected Hybrids
(listed alphabetically)

 

COMPANY: AgriPro Seeds
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
2949*
Wings
9850*
2
2
3
Honcho*
2731
2838
2800
2660*
Cherokee*
3
2
2
3
3
3
2468*
2440
9210
2
2
3
9135
2140
2233*
2
2
2
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Asgrow (owned by Monsanto)
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
A603 3 A570*
A571*
A581
MISSILE
2
3
3
2
A459*
A504
2
3
A201
A298
LASER
SENECA*
3
3
3
3
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Cargill (owned by Dow AgroSciences)
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
833 2 837*
737*
770Y
775Y
697
3
3
3
3
2
627
647*
2
3
606
576
2
2
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Crosbyton Seed Co.
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
9080
9060
2
3
6080
7050
8080*
1489*
6092
6 Row Y
6 Row GBT
6 Row R
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
380
5050
5914*
2
2
2
6035
7031
4 Row Y
2
2
3
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: DEKALB (owned by Monsanto)
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
DK66* 3 DK65
DK56
DK55
DK54*
DK53
4
1
3
3
2
DK47*
DK45*
DK44
DK43A(1)
DK41Y (1)
DK40Y
DK38Y
3
3
1
3
4
3
3
DK28E
DK36*
DK39Y
2
3
2
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
(1) Do not plant later than July 1.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Frontier Hybrids
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
F-647E*
F-700E*
3
3
F-457E 4 F-270E*
F-303C*
F-501E
4
3
3
F-227E
F-200E
2
2
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Garrison & Townsend–Bill Townsend, (806) 364-0560
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
SG-822
SG-94249*
SG-97157
SG-925
3
2
3
3
SG-753
SG-95512
SG-677
3
2
3
SG-95207
SG-96258
2
2
SG-96275
SG-95392
2
2
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Garst Seed
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
5319 2 5522Y
5429
5440*
5503*
3
2
2
3
5631Y
5664*
5515
3
2
3
5727
5715
5616
2
2
3
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Golden Harvest (merged with J.C. Robinson Seed Co.)
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
H-512 2 H-502
H-505BW
2
2
H-430Y
H-471*
H-495W
H-499Y
3
2
2
2
H-296W*
H-388W
H-403*
2
2
2
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Mycogen (owned by Dow AgroSciences)
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
444E
3696
3700
ORO G XTRA
3
3
2
2
ORO XTRA
T-E Y-101G
T-E Prosper
522 DR
T-E Y-75
1506*
1552
3694
3
2
2
3
1
2
1
3
M 3838
T-E Eden
411
2
1
2
ORO ALPHA
3595*
3636
1482
1498E
1
1
2
2
2
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: NC+ Hybrids–Ronnie Morris, (512) 321-1239
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
NC+7R83*
NC+7W97
NC+8R18
2
3
3
NC+ 7B29*
NC+ 271
NC+ 371
NC+ 7C49
NC+ 7R37E
NC+ 7B47*
NC+ 7Y57-K
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
NC+ 4R48
NC+ 5C35
NC+ 5B74E*
NC+ 6B50*
NC+ 6C21
NC+ 6R30*
NC+ 262
NC+ 6B70
NC+ 6B67*
NC+ Y363
NC+ 6C69
4
3
2
4
3
3
2
4
3
2
3
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: NK (now goes by the name of Sorghum Partners)
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
KS560Y*
K73-J6
2
3
KS710
KS59-Y2
KS711Y
2
3
2
KS524 2 2030
KS310*
KS585*
2
2
2
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Pioneer–David Peterson, (806) 789-8326
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
8212Y
8414
84G62*
8522Y
85G85
84G82
83G66
8310
8505
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
85Y34
8699
86G71
8500*
3
3
2
2
8950
8925
8875
87G57
3
3
3
3
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Richardson Seeds, Inc.
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
JOWAR 1 2 9200Y
9212Y
9300
9322
2
2
2
2
RS200E
RS250E
9200Y
202CR
2
2
2
2
SPRINT II
SPRINT E
DASH E
2
3
3
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Triumph Seed
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
TR82G
TR481
Two 80-D
TR474
3
2
3
3
TR464
TR65G
TR459
TR462
TR60G
3
3
1
3
3
TR438
TR447
TR445
3
3
3
TR430
TR432*
3
2
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

COMPANY: Warner Seeds
June 10-20
Tillering#
June 21-30
Tillering#
July 1-7
Tillering#
July 8-15
Tillering#
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
Hybrid Tiller
Rating
W-844E
W-851DR*
W-965E*
W-839A
W-818E
2
3
2
2
2
W-528W
W-625Y
W-560T
W-622E
3
2
3
2
W-528W
W-560T
W-622E
3
3
2
W-494 2
*Good early season vigor ratings, adapted to early plantings at cooler temperatures.
NOTE: Tiller Rating 1 = None, 2 = Little, 3 = Moderate, 4 = High

 

This publication is made possible through Sorghum PROFIT, an initiative of the State of Texas as developed by the Texas Grain Sorghum Association in conjunction with the Texas A&M University AgriLife Program and Texas Tech University.For producer questions contact any author. For company updates or additions to this list please call Jim Barber or look for any recent updates via the Internet at http://lubbock.tamu.edu and click on crops then sorghum. You may also obtain a copy through your local county extension office. This document will be updated each year by March 1.

Disclaimer

Educational programs conducted by the Texas AgriLife Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, disability, religion, age or national origin.

The information given herein is for educational purposes only. “Mention or display of a trademark, proprietary product, or firm in text or figures on this page or subsequently linked pages does not constitute an endorsement by any Extension page author and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other suitable products or firms.”

Issued in furtherance of AgriLife Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of Congress of May 8, 1914, as amended, and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Edward Smith, Director, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, The Texas A&M University System.

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